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Philological information on "Chinese" was prepared by the translation studies division of Dijital Tercüme.
Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and is spoken by over 1 billion people living in the People's Republic of China and the region around China. Statistically, it is the native language of every one in five people.
It would be a philological mistake to consider Chinese as a single language, because Chinese includes all languages spoken by the Han Chinese living in China. Analyzing these one by one reveals fragments of languages with enough differences in structure and pronunciation to classify as their own language family. Therefore, philologists argue that Chinese is a language family itself, rather than a single language. Chinese refers to these smaller languages as dialects. There are 14 basic dialects in this language family. Among these we can name, in order of most speakers, Mandarin, Cantonese, Min and Hakka.
Chinese writing is a writing style unique to this language. This system has a 3500-year-old history. Today, standard Chinese, or in other words Putonghua or Standard Mandarin, which is used in official writings and readings, is the official language of the People's Republic of China. It is derived from the Beijing dialect of Mandarin in Northern China. Like other Chinese variations, Mandarin is a tonal dialect in which different intonations of the same sound is used to mean different words. There are a total of 4 tones in Standard Chinese. The most used version is Mandarin, yet in migrant communities Cantonese is used the most frequent.
Three universities in our country provide undergraduate education for Chinese. The Chinese Language and Literature departments in Erciyes and Fatih Universities provide education to students on Chinese language and literature. At Ankara University, the Eastern Languages and Literatures Division, in the Department of Sinology, Chinese language and Civilization is studied and education is provided on the similarities between Chinese and Japanese languages.
In order to succeed in the Chinese language and literature program, good verbal skills, a good memory, and enthusiasm for learning foreign languages, as well as an interest in literature are necessary. Those who have graduated from the Chinese language and literature program are given the title of "Philologist". However, graduates work with different titles. Their responsibilities may vary depending on their titles. Those who have graduated from the Chinese language and literature program can work as translators and interpreters for institutions that are engaged in commercial or cultural relations with China.