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Philological information on "Lithuanian" was prepared by the translation studies division of Dijital Tercüme.
Lithuanian has been the official language of Lithuania since 1918. Lithuanian is spoken by 3 million people mostly in Lithuania, and additionally by immigrants and ethnic groups in Belarus, Latvia, Poland, Russia, Estonia, Iceland, Ireland, Sweden, England, Norway, Finland, Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina, Australia, Canada and the United States of America. It is the native language of a total of 1 million people outside Lithuania. Additionally, it is one of the official languages of the European Union.
Lithuanian is the most archaic one among the Indo-European languages, it has managed to preserve its grammar and writing rules for generations without being affected much by the tendency of languages to intermingle. Some of these features are forms in nouns and verbs that indicate dual numbers and the "-su" suffix (to indicate staying plural).
Even though Lithuanian has never been used as an official language outside of Lithuania and the old Lithuania state did not use Lithuanian even when making its own laws due to Soviet Russia's pressures for using the Cyrillic alphabet, Lithuanian still managed to abide very much by its origins. Because of this, philologists and especially Indo-European language experts regard it as a source for Proto-Indo-European languages.
There are two spoken dialects of Lithuanian. The dialects of Lithuania are determined by the ethnographic structure of Lithuania and are called Upper and Lower Lithuanian. There are major differences between the standard Lithuanian and the dialect spoken in Lower Lithuania. There are dual words in Lithuanian as well, however they are only used in certain Lithuanian accents. There are 12 vowels and 20 consonants in Lithuanian. In Lithuanian, words are categorized into two genders as masculine and feminine. There are 11 types of words in Lithuanian: nouns, verbs, numericals, pronouns, adjectives, onomatopoeias, exclamations, compounds, prepositions, objects, and adverbs. Some changes are needed in the nouns section between proper and common nouns, because in Lithuanian only proper nouns can be active. Some nouns can be proper or common nouns. A lot of words are either singular or plural.