Philological information on "Turkmen" was prepared by the translation studies division of Dijital Tercüme.
Turkmen, also known as Turkmen Turkish or Torkoman is a language spoken by 9 million people. It is spoken as a native language in Turkmenistan, Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Afghanistan. It uses the Latin alphabet as a writing system. Its international language codes are ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3. Turkmen Turkish, belongs in the south-west Oghuz group and is the native language of the Turkmen nation. It has been the official state language of Turkmenistan since 1990. Turkmen has about 30 dialects named after the ethnic groups inside the country. To give examples: Teke which reflects the accents of Mary and Ahal, Yomud which includes northern and western accents, Salyr, Saryq, Gireklen, Cawdur, Esari, Alili, Karadaşlı, Emreli, Sakar, Ata, Bayat, Nohur, Düeşi, Murşe are some of them. Although most dialects are similar to each other, there are also very distinct dialects in terms of some grammar rules, occupational terminology and pronunciation. Modern literary Turkmen language is generally based on the Ahal and Teke dialects. The official Turkmen language that was based on these dialects is commonly used in many areas ranging from politics to art, science to education, literature to trade. Turkmen is also influenced by the language of the country it is spoken in. It was especially influenced by Turkish, Russian and Arabic in the last ten years. Grammatically, it is closer to Turkish, Gagauz or Azerbaijani. It is very similar to Turkish in regards to pronouns and verb conjugations with the exception of the future tense. The letters of the Turkmen alphabet are: Aa, Bb, Çç, Dd, Ee, Ää, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, Jj, Žž, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Ňň, Oo, Öö, Pp, Rr, Ss, Şş, Tt, Uu, Üü, Ww, Yy, Ýý, Zz.
It is not possible to learn Turkmen in our country on an undergraduate level, yet through private lessons and courses, thanks to its similarity to Turkish, it can easily be learned.